APA Style | Chicago Manual of Style| MLA
The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) provides education-related information in a variety of formats including education journal articles (EJ) and education documents (ED) on microfiche and in digital full text. Generally, you will treat the citations to these resources like other printed matter, but you will add a reference to the service itself at the end of the entry. The reference to the service will include the ERIC Document number (EDxxx xxx) or the ERIC Journal number (EJxxx xxx). Below are some APA and Chicago Manual of Style citation examples for ERIC documents.
APA Style for Citing ERIC Documents
(Based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
4th edition, 1994: pp. 95, 208, and 214)
Example 1: A document retrieved from an online source:
The APA states, "When referencing material obtained by searching an aggregated database, follow the format appropriate to the work retrieved and add a retrieval statement that gives the date of retrieval and the proper name of the database." We suggest citing the general citation information such as author, publication date, title, and publisher followed in parentheses by the online retrieval date and closing with the online source.
Author, A.B. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle of document (Report number, if any). City, State: Publisher. (Retrieved month date, year, from Online Source, ERIC No. ED xxx xxx).
Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. CSOS-R-292). East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (retrieved July 24, 2001 from ERIC Document Reproduction Service E*Subscribe, ERIC No. ED 346 082).
Example 2: A document in print format (in paper,
microfiche, etc.) with full publication information available:
Author, A.B. (Year). Title of document:
Subtitle of document (Report number, if any). City, State: Publisher. (ERIC Document
Reproduction Service No. ED xxx xxx).
Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. CSOS-R-292). East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 346 082).
For a document published by an ERIC Clearinghouse (called an ERIC Digest), follow the same format as above.
Example 3: A document in print format without full publication information:
Author, A.B. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle of document. (Available from the ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED xxx xxx).
Reichenberger, M. (1996). A research study to determine the effects of PSAT verbal skills training on secondary students. (Retrieved from the ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 406 390).
Chicago Manual of Style
for Citing ERIC Documents
(Based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition, pages 493, 604, 632,
644, and 698)
The Chicago Manual of Style offers two options for citing references when writing. The first, documentary-note style, is mainly used by those studying the Humanities. In this style, footnotes are used at the bottom of a page to cite the references used. The inclusion of a bibliography is optional. The second, author-date style, is used primarily by the Natural and Physical sciences. The author and the date of the work are briefly cited in parentheses within the text. The full citation is then provided at the end of a work in a list of references.
According to the Chicago Manual of Style, a citation for a document acquired through an information service such as ERIC should include the regular citation information (such as author, article title, journal title, and date) plus the name of the information service, and the document accession number whenever this information is available. Below are some example citations.
Example 1: A document available online:
Author, Name. Date of publication. Title of Document. Title or explanation of source of document such as a conference or publisher, Publisher location: Publisher, Date information accessed. Vendor, ERIC, ED xxxxxx.
Note: Some of this information may not be available. It is best to reference all of the information available to you in the citation.
Flax, Rosabel, et al. 1979. Guidelines for teaching mathematics K-12. Topeka: Kansas State Department of Education, Topeka Division of Education Services, June. 85, Ovid, ERIC, ED 178312.
Example 2: A text citation (often used in the Natural and Physical sciences:)
" . . ." (First name Last name author. Date of Publication. Title. Publisher Location: Publisher, Date Information accessed, Vendor, ERIC, ED xxxxxx., page number.)
"Instead, students below grade level are given an Individual Literacy Plan (ILP)" (Alisabeth Hohn and William Veitch. 2000. How Much is Too Much: Multiple Measures in Practice. College Park, MD: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, July 24, 2001, ERIC Document Reproduction Service E*Subscribe, ERIC, ED 443840, 2.)
Example 3: A footnote citation (often used in the Humanities:)
1. Author, Name. Year. Title of document. Title or explanation of source of document such as a conference or publisher, Date information accessed, Vendor, ERIC, ED xxxxxx.
1. Flax, Rosabel, et al. 1979. Guidelines for teaching mathematics K-12. Topeka: Kansas State Department of Education, Topeka Division of Education Services, June. 85, Ovid, ERIC, ED 178312.
MLA Style for Citing ERIC Documents
(example from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers,
fifth edition, page 193)
The MLA style does not require the ERIC Document number for the print or electronic formats. However, we suggest providing the ED number at the end of the citation because searching for an ERIC Document by the ED number is often the easiest approach.
Example 1: A document retrieved from an online source:
Author, Name (if given). "Title of Document (article title)." Book
or Journal Title. Publisher Location: Publisher Name,
Publication date. Title of the
database. Publication medium (e.g. CD-ROM or electronic full-text). Name of
Vendor (if relevant). Electronic
Publication date (if available). EDxxxxxx (optional).
Hagler, Steve. "GOAPe: An Urban High School Program Out Beyond the
Concrete." Selected Monographs from the
Association for Experiential Education
International Conference. Charleston, WV: ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural
Education and Small Schools. November,
1998. ERIC. Electronic full-text. ERIC Document Reproduction
Service
E*Subscribe. ED431582.
Example 2: A document available in the print format:
Author, Name (if given). "Title of Document (article title)." Book
or Journal Title. Publisher Location: Publisher Name,
Publication date. EDxxxxxx (optional).
Hagler, Steve. "GOAPe: An Urban High School Program Out Beyond the
Concrete." Selected Monographs from the
Association for Experiential Education
International Conference. Charleston, WV: ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural
Education and Small Schools. November,
1998. ED431582.
APA Style | Chicago Manual of Style| MLA
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