Crystallography and Crystallographic Information

This document is a guide to the literature located in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Libraries and important resources available elsewhere.

Prepared by:
Greg Youngen
Physics/Astronomy Librarian (1995-2003)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

 

Click here for the SLA Power Point presentation about this website.

 

Table of Contents

1. Definitions
2. Organizations
3. Publications

Directories
Handbooks, Tables, Manuals
Major Conference Proceedings
Indexing and Abstracting Sources
Journals

4. Databases
5. Internet Resources
6. History
7. Introductory Texts
8. Bibliography

Topical Quick Access
 

Library Holdings Codes

CHX

Chemistry Library, 225 Noyes Lab

333-3737

ENX

Grainger Engineering Library, 1301 West Springfield

333-3576

GEX

Geology Library, 223 Natural History

333-1266

PHX

Physics Library, 204 Loomis Lab

333-2101

STX

Main Library, Central Circulation

333-2079

NOS

Not available at UIUC

 


1. Definitions

Crystallography is the science of examining materials on the atomic scale. This includes defining molecular structure, identifying all the atoms present along with their space patterns, and establishing correlation with the substances' physical and chemical properties.

The crystallographic data compiled through the use of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and other techniques is of great interest to researchers in the fields of chemistry, solid state physics, materials science and biology.

Crystallography was one of the first scientific disciplines to computerize and one of the first to create numerical scientific databases. Over the past 40 years, virtually all structure determinations have been archived in databases which allow easy access and complete coverage.

Other Terms:  (Loosely derived from definitions provided by Pearson 1992 and Santeega 1997.)

Crystal Structure: The arrangement of ions, atoms, and molecules in a crystal.  The symmetry and geometry exhibited by their arrangement are part of the structural properties.
Crystal Symmetry: The balanced proportions present in cubes, hexagonal or rectangular prisms and other polyhedra.
Crystal System: Any one of the seven independent unit cell shapes possible in three-dimensional crystal structures (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, trigonal , monoclinic, and triclinic).
Diffraction:  The interference phenomenon of waves when they travel through a grating in their path.  In x-ray diffraction, the crystal is the grating.
Lattice: A periodic array of points in space.  The spacing of the atomic planes.
Pearson symbol:  indicates the crystal symmetry and the number of atoms in the unit cell.
Phase: A crystalline, liquid or gaseous state of matter.
Plane Group: A group of operations (rotations, reflections, etc) which leave a regular, periodic structure in a plane unchanged.
Space Group: Any of the ways in which the orientation of a crystal can be changed without seeming to change the position of its atoms.
Symmetry Element:  A process that brings the crystal or object back to itself.
Symmetry Group: A point group or space group consisting of symmetry elements.  A group consists of a set of elements with a defined group pairing operation.
Unit Cell: The smallest parallelpiped shaped object which, when stacked repetitively in three dimensions, generates the entire crystal structure.
Wyckoff Notation:  A letter representing a set of symmetry-equivalent positions in a space group.



Contents


2. Organizations

      Societies

      Research Centers

http://www.nist.gov/srd

Contents


3. Publications

Contents

Directories

Call Number

Title

548 
W893 
1995 
(PHX)

World Directory of Crystallographers and Other Scientists Employing Crystallographic Methods. 9th ed. Edited by Y. Epelboin. International Union of Crystallography. Dordrecht, 1995. 

Also available at http://www.iucr.ac.uk/iucr-top/wdc/

List of Publications or Contents

Handbooks, Tables, Manuals

Call Number

Title

Q.669.94 
AT652 
(ENX)

Atlas of Crystal Structure Types for Intermetallic Phases. Edited by J.L.C. Daams, et al. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1991. 4 volumes. ISBN: 0-87170-421-8 

Contains detailed graphical representations for crystal structures and compositions of multicomponent intermetallic compounds.  Provides detailed crystallographic data, 2-D and 3-D drawings, plus coordinates. The Atlas also analyzes the structure types reported in Pearson's Handbook. (2nd ed.) for their geometric correctness and identifies crystal chemical relations.  The Atlas of Crystal Structure Types, Pearson’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data, and Handbook of Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams are the three components of the ASM International reference set on crystallography. 

Q.548.8 
N51a 
(CHX, ENX, 
GEX,PHX)

An Atlas of Models of Crystal Surfaces. John F. Nicholas. New York: Gordon & Breach, 1965 

An atlas of ideal flat crystal structures featuring photographic plates of models made from hard spheres or balls.  Tables of atomic positions provide coordinates to accompany the photos.  Superceded (without photos) by the Atlas of Surface Structures and the NIST Surface Structure Database

Q. 547.75 
AT6 
(BIX)

Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure. Margaret Dayhoff. Silver Spring, Md.: National Biomedical Research Foundation. 1965-78.  6 volumes 

A major milestone in bioinformatics, this atlas compiled the known protein sequences of the time, but was quickly outpaced by the Protein Data Bank (PDB).

541.33 
At65 
(PHX)

Atlas of Surface Structures: based on the NIST Surface Structure Database. Edited by P.R. Watson, et al. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. 2 volumes. 

This set provides information on nearly 600 surface structures, identified from the early 1970’s through 1991, and contained in the NIST Surface Structure Database.  Each entry in Volume 1A is prefaced by explanatory text and includes complete determinations of atomic positions with respect to the substrate lattice.  The listings also include literature references, statements on experimental and theoretical methods used, bulk and surface unit cells, a complete list of atomic coordinates for overlayer, epilayer, interfacial, and bulk atoms and selected bond lengths and angles.  Volume 1B contains high-quality computer-generated views of the surface structures.  Supercedes: Atlas of Models of Crystal Surfaces, by J.F. Nichols. 

548.7 
P83D 
(GEX, PHX)

The Barker Index of Crystals: A Method for the Identification of Crystalline Substances.  M.W. Porter and R.C. Spiller., Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1951-1965. (3 volumes in 7 parts) 

This multi-volume set provides a method of identifying crystals from their interfacial angles.  All crystallized substances are arranged in numerical order based on a calculation of their measured angles.  This index was the first to include all 7,000-8,000 substances in Groth’s Chemische Krystallographie (Leipzig : W. Engelmann, 1906-1919) arranged according to chemical composition. 

Q.669.94 
B511 
(ENX, PHX)

Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams. 2nd ed. Edited by T.B. Massalski, et al. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1990. (3 volumes) 

A joint ASM/NIST compendium of data on binary alloy systems.  This work compiles and evaluates the findings published in the Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams.  It also includes the data published in  Hansen’s Constitution of Binary Alloys and its supplements (McGraw-Hill, 1958, 1965 and 1969) and Moffatt’s Handbook of Binary Phase Diagrams, up to 1990.  Each entry consists of the phase diagram, a crystal structure table, and a list of selected key references on which the diagram is based.

016.548 
B47 
(STX)

Bond Index to the Determinations of Inorganic Crystal Structures. Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University. Hamiton, Ontario: McMaster University, 1969. UIUC Holdings: 1969-77, 1981. 

The data from this publication was used in part to establish the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). Bibliographic and chemical information on inorganic crystal structures are provided.

530.410212 
L737C 
(PHX)

Character Tables and Compatibility Relations of the Eighty Layer Groups and Seventeen Plane Groups Daniel B. Litvin and Thomas R. Wike.  New York: Plenum, 1991. 

This book identifies the 80 “layer” atom arrangements whose symmetries are not identified in the 
International Tables.  The authors consider the group-theoretical structure of the layer groups and their irreproducible representations.  The 17 plane groups are identified with their corresponding layer group.

541.9 
H1911 
(CHX, ENX, 
GEX, PHX, 
MTX)

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. David R. Lide, editor. (81st ed.) Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2000.

This essential handbook provides basic crystallographic structure information on the elements, some 
inorganic compounds, magnetic materials, minerals, semiconductors and superconductors.

548 
N85c 
1967 
(PHX)

Crystal Data: Classification of Substances by Space Groups and their Identification from Cell Dimensions. 2nd ed. Edited by W. Nowacki, et al. New York: American Crystallographic Society, 1967. 

Continuation of this work in: Journal of Physical & Chemical Reference Data, 6 (1977), pp. 675-829. The data in these volumes complement and supplement the Crystal Data Determinative Tables.

548 
D71CA 
1972 
(CHX, ENX, 
GEX)

Crystal Data Determinative Tables. Edited by J.D.H. Donnay and Helen Ondik. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1972-83. 6 volumes. 

This set covers organic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds and metal complexes containing organic ligands through 1981. Data includes cell parameters, space groups, structure, density, chemical name and formula.  This set was originally published as Crystal Data (Memoir 60 of the Geological Society of America, 1954).  The second edition appeared in two parts: Determinative Tables by J.D.H. Donnay, et al. (1963) and Systematic Tables, by Werner Nowacki, et al. (1967), as Monographs 5 and 6 of the American Crystallographic Association, respectively.  The data from Crystal Data Determinative Tables have been incorporated into the ICSD, CSD, and CRYSTMET databases.

548 
W97c 
(CHX, PHX)

Crystal Structures. Ralph W.G. Wycoffe. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience, 1963-71. 6 volumes. 

Vol. 1 Structures of the elements and inorganic compounds (1964) 
Vol. 2 Inorganic compounds (1965); 
Vol. 3 Inorganic compounds, hydrates and ammoniates (1965) 
Vol. 4  Misc. inorganic compounds, silicates, and basic structural information (1968) 
Vol. 5 Aliphatic compounds (1966) 
Vol. 6 Benzene derivatives (Part 1, 1969; Part 2, 1971)

This multi-volume set focuses on the description of atomic positions and referencing the literature from which the determinations were obtained.  For each crystalline compound identified, a detailed description of the structure is given, including diagrams, models, formulas, and x-ray measurements.  Though somewhat dated in its scope and coverage, Wyckoff (especially Volume 1) is heavily cited throughout the literature and remains an important work in the field.

NOS

Elemental and Interplanar Spacing Index for Phase Identification by Electron or X-ray Diffraction. Edited by V.L. Himes, et al. Swarthmore, PA: International Center for Diffraction Data and NIST, 1989. 

EISI is designed to be used independently or in conjunction with a computer database for phase characterization using electron or X-ray diffraction. Allows the user to readily identify a material with the chemical and diffraction data routinely collected from electron microscopes.

546.43 
G92UEO 
(CHX)

Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry.  Gmelin Institut.  Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1817-1997. Also available electronically from STN International. 

Several volumes of this comprehensive reference work on inorganic chemistry contain information on crystallographic properties of inorganic and organometallic substances.  The information is often more in-depth and descriptive than that found in the handbooks and data tables. 
 

669.94 
W72b 
(ENX)

Handbook of Binary Phase Diagrams. Edited by W.G. Moffat. Schenectady, NY: General Electric Corporation, 1976. 5 volumes. 

See Moffatt's Handbook of Binary Phase Diagrams.

NOS

A Handbook of Lattice Spacings and Structures of Metals and Alloys. Edited by W.B. Pearson. National Research Council, Canada. Pergamon, 1958, 1967. 

The print source that formed the basis for the CRYSTMET database. Continued by Pearson's Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases.

 

Handbook of Physical Constants (See: Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants)

Q.669.94 
V7132h 
(ENX)

Handbook of Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams. Edited by P. Villars, et al. Metals Park, OH: American Society of Metals, 1995. 10 volumes. 

This reference set surveys the world’s literature for the period 1900-1989 and contains over 18,000 phase diagrams of all ternary alloy systems, except those containing oxygen, halogens, or noble gases.  Crystallographic data are included for the chemical elements, and binary and ternary phases.  Many of the binary system entries refer to Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (ASM, 1990) for more complete information. This Handbook, along with The Atlas of Crystal Structure Types, and Pearson’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data, are the three components of the ASM International reference set on crystallography.

Q.548.0212 
IN8 
(CHX, PHX)

International Tables for Crystallography. International Union of Crystallography. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 

Commonly referred to as the "Crystallographer's Bible,"each volume is described below. 

--Volume A: Space Group Symmetry. 4th rev. ed., 1995. Edited by Theo Hahn. 

Volume A (first published in 1983) treats crystallographic symmetry in direct or physical space. Its main features are extensive tabulations and illustrations of the 17 plane groups, the 230 space groups and the 32 crystallographic point groups. Part II of the volume, "Symmetry in crystallography" deals with the following aspects of symmetry theory: mathematical approach to space groups, crystal lattices, point groups, symbols for symmetry operations and for space groups, isomorphic subgroups of space groups, lattice complexes and normalizers of space groups.  Volume A is designed for crystallographers, chemists, physicists, mineralogists, biologists and material scientists who employ crystallographic methods and who are concerned with the structure and the properties of crystalline materials.


--Volume B: Reciprocal Space. 1st ed., 1993. Edited by U. Shmueli. 

Volume B is a collection of writings that address the important aspects of crystallographic symmetry, the concepts of reciprocal lattice and more generally, reciprocal space.  Chapters on crystallographic statistics, scattering, and diffraction in crystallographic structure determination are provided. There are also discussions on X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction techniques.  This particular volume is likely to be of interest to scientists involved in crystal structure determination, crystallographic computing, crystal physics, and other fields of crystallographic research.  The volume also provides a rich source of references to the important research in the field of crystallography.


--Volume C: Mathematical, Physical & Chemical Tables. 2nd ed. 1999. A.J.C. Wilson and E. Prince, Eds.. 

Volume C provides the mathematical, physical, and chemical information needed for experimental studies in structural crystallography.  It revises and updates Volumes II, III, and IV of the earlier International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, except for a few sections that are editorial condensations of material from the earlier series.  It is organized in ten parts that cover all aspects of experimental techniques, using all three principal radiation types, from the selection and mounting of crystals and production of radiation through data collection and analysis to interpretation of results. 

Brief Teaching Edition of Volume A: Space-Group Symmetry.  Edited by Theo Hahn, 4th revised and 
 enlarged edition, 1996. 

This condensed version of Volume A consists of the complete descriptions of the 17 plane groups, selected space-group examples of varying complexity and distributed over all crystal systems, and the basic text sections of Volume A which are necessary for the understanding and handling of space groups.

548.7 
K923 
(MTX)

Kronecker Product Tables. Edited by A.P. Cracknell, et al. New York: IFI/Plenum, 1979. 4 volumes. 

--Volume 1: General Introduction and Tables of Irreducible Representations of Space Groups
--Volumes 2 and 3: Wave Vector Selection Rules and Reductions of Kronecker Products
--Volume 4: Symmetrized Powers of Irreducible Representations of Space Groups for Each of the 230 Crystallographic Space Groups

Volume 1 reprints, with a few modifications, the character tables and matrix representatives given for the classic space groups in the 1967 tables of S.C. Miller and W.F. Love Tables of irreducible representations of space groups and co-representations of magnetic space groups. Boulder, Colo., Pruett Press, 1967.  Volumes 2 and 3 consist of the tables of wave vector selection rules and of the reductions of Kroenecker products for the space groups.  Volume 4 tabulates symmetrized powers of irreducible representations of space groups.

541.9 
L23p 
(PHX)

Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology. Group III - Condensed Matter: Crystallography, Structure and Morphology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1961-present. 
Also available online though SpringerLink: Crystallography Sections

Landolt-Bornstein provides a systematic, up-to-date and comprehensive collection of reliable numerical data and functional relationships in text, tabular, and graphical form from all fields of physics and physical chemistry.  Much of the inorganic crystal structure information appearing in LB has been incorporated into the ICSD database.  The volumes listed below contain crystallographic data: 

Structure data of crystals
--Elements and intermetallic phases: NSIII/6, 14ab 
--Epitaxy data: NSIII/8 
--Inorganic compounds: NSIII/7a-h 
--Organic crystals: NSIII/5ab, 10ab 

Crystallographic properties
--Elements and intermetallic compounds: I/4, II/1, IV/1a-c, 4a; NSIII/3, 6, 9, 1, 14ab, 18 
--Inorganic Compounds: I/4, II/1, 6, 9, IV/4a; NSIII/1, 2, 3, 4ab, 6, 7a-h, 9, 11, 12a-c, 13b, 14ab, 16ab, 17a-i, 18, 28ab 
--Organic Compounds: II/1, 2, 4a; NSII/5, III/5ab, 10ab, 16b, 28b

548.83 
P921 
(ENX, GEX,
PHX)

Laue Atlas: Plotted Laue Back-Reflection Patterns of the Elements, the Compounds RX and RX2. E. Pruess, et al. New York: Wiley, 1974. 

This work provides an overview of the fundamentals of Laue diffraction, a description of crystalline structures, and a catalog of Laue diagrams.  This method for the orientation of single crystals is based on the direct comparison of Laue patterns and Laue diagrams plotted by computer.  Only diagrams of Laue back-reflection patterns are reproduced in this book.

Q. 669.1 
Am35m1 
(ENX)

Metals Handbook.  Materials Park, OH: ASM International.  10th Ed.  1991- 

This encyclopedic handbook contains crystal structure information on specific metals and alloys.  It is also a valuable source for information on the science of crystallography, diffraction methods, microscopy, and other materials science applications relating to metals and metallography.

Q.549.1 
M6622d 
(GEX)

Mineral Powder Diffraction File Databook: Sets 1-42. International Centre for Diffraction Data; American Ceramic Society. Swarthmore, PA: ICDD, 1993. 

The Mineral PDF Databook is a print subset of the Powder Diffraction File focusing on minerals.  Contains crystallographic information on 3800 patterns representing 3200 mineral species.Contains information on 3800 patterns representing 3200 mineral species.

Q.549.1 
M6622s 
(GEX)

Mineral Powder Diffraction File Search Manual: Sets 1-42. International Centre for Diffraction Data; American Ceramic Society. Swarthmore, PA: ICDD, 1993. 

This work is a companion volume to the Databook (above) that serves as a search manual and provides several indexes to systematically search the patterns and mineral species.

549.1 
M6624 
(GEX)

Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Edited by T.J. Aherns. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1995. 

A reference book of selected critical data on characterizations and crystallographic properties for approximately 300 minerals.  This is the 3rd edition of the Handbook of Physical Constants, published by the Geological Society of America in 1942 (F. Birch, et al., editors, GSA Special Paper No. 36) and 1966 (S.P. Clark, editor, GSA Memoir No. 92).

669.94 
M72B 
(ENX)

Moffatt’s Handbook of Binary Phase Diagrams.  J.H. Westbrook, editor.  Schenectady, NY: Genium Publishing Corp., 1997 (Five volume looseleaf, 2 updates per year.) 

A set of loose-leaf binders, originally published by General Electric from 1976 to around 1995.  The original edition provided information on binary systems compiled from Hansen’s Constitution of Binary Alloys, (McGraw-Hill, 1958, 2nd ed. 1965 and 3rd ed.1969).  The current Handbook contains over 1,800 diagrams not found in these earlier works, including information on thermodynamics, crystallography, diffusion data and polymorphism.

Q.541.22 
M73 
INDEX 
(CHX)

Molecular Structure and Dimensions: A Guide to the Literature 1935-83, Organic and Organometallic Crystal Structures. Edited by Olga Kennard, Frank H. Allen and David G. Watson. Utrecht: Scheltma & Holkema, 1970-84. (15 volumes) 
Kluwer catalog entry:
http://www.wkap.nl/prod/s/MOSD

A classified bibliography of organic, organometallic and metal complex crystal structures prepared by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center.  The 15-volume set covers the published literature from 1935-1983.  Later volumes contain a fully classified Chemical Diagram index for easier access to the structural diagrams.  Volume 13, Molecular Structure and Dimensions: a guide to the literature 1935-1976, organic organometallic crystal structures, (1983) contains a cumulative index to volumes 1-8. The information in Molecular Structures and Dimensions provided the basis for, and is continued by the 
 Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).

Q.669.94 
V713p 
1991 
(ENX)

Pearson's Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases. P. Villars and L.D. Calvert. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1991. 2nd ed. 4 volumes.ISBN: 0-87170-416 

This handbook compiles data (over 50,000 entries) from the international literature from 1913 through 1989. It includes phases (unary, binary, ternary, etc) for which data were found.  All data are critically evaluated, simply organized, and indexed in a variety of formats.  Additional information, whenever available, is included such as: 

  • Calculated densities
  • Colors
  • In-depth detailed diffraction data
  • Standard deviations of unit cell dimensions
  • point-set symmetries
  • full references including publication titles
  • Seven full indexes
  • Two extended structure type indexes, each type followed by a table of all compounds that crystallize within that type
  • Three short structure type indexes
  • A mineral name index
  • A Strukturbericht Symbol index
  • All indexes are computer generated directly from the database

Pearson's Handbook is a companion to the Atlas of Crystal Structure Types for Intermetallic Phases,  and Handbook of Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams, all published by ASM International.  Pearson's supercedes A Handbook of Lattice Spacings and Structures of Metals and Alloys and it's data is available in the CRYSTMET database

539.722 
P87 
(GEX)

Powder Diffraction File. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Data; American Society for Testing and Materials. Swarthmore, PA: JCPDS, 1974-84. 8 volumes. 

Inorganic Volumes. (Includes Alphabetic Index and Inorganic Compounds Search Manual.) 
Organic Volumes
Mineral Volumes

This print version of the PDF (see databases) is published in sets (Organic, Inorganic and Minerals)  It has been produced in a variety of formats over the years: 3”x5” cards, book, microfilm and CD-ROM.  The PDF lists powder diffraction patterns for most crystalline phases, including the unit cell, indices and optical data, if known.  Alphabetic indexes and  search manuals for specific sets are also available. 
 

548 
St892 
(CHX)

Structure Reports. International Union of Crystallography.  Utrecht: Kluwer (earlier volumes published by Scheltema & Holkema and Reidel) 1913-.  (Vol. 1-7 published as: Strukturbericht, Leipzig, Akademie Verlagsgesellschaft, 1913-43 ). 

Structure Reports provide critically-reviewed data on crystal structures, including metals and inorganic compounds (Section A), and organic and organometallic compounds (Section B), but excludes proteins.  The reports provide name, formula, papers reported, unit cell and space group data, details of analysis, atomic positions, and detailed description of crystal structures.  Each volume is indexed and cumulative 10-year indexes are published separately.  The inorganic section of Structure Reports (along with data from Landolt-Bornstein) were used to establish the Inorganic Crystal Structures Database (ICSD) and the organic data have been incorporated into the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).

548 
Su77 
(CHX)

Surface Crystallographic Information Service: A Handbook of Surface Structures. J.M. MacLaren, et al. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1987. 

A compilation of data on several hundred surface structures providing coordinates of atoms, details of surface preparations, techniques used in determination, and other information in a uniform format.

510.212 
UN35a 
(ENX, MTX)

Tables for Conversion of X-ray Diffraction Angles to Interplanar Spacing. U.S. National Bureau of Standards. Washington, DC: GPO, 1950.

NOS

Tables for Interatomic Distances and Configurations in Molecules and Ions. Edited by L.E. Sutton. London: The Chemical Society, 1955, 1958. (Special Publication No. 11, 1955 (literature through 1955); No. 18, 1965 (literature from 1956-59)). 

This work provides interatomic distances, bond angles, symmetry, structural diagrams, and bibliographic information.  These tables were updated in the mid-1980's with mean bond lengths for organic compounds (Allen, F.H. et al. (1987) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, pp. S1-S19) and organometallic and metal-coordination compounds (Orpen, A.G. et al. (1989) J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. S1-S83).

Q.669.94 
T273 
(ENX)

Ternary Alloys: A Comprehensive Compendium of Evaluated Constitutional Data and Phase Diagrams. Edited by G. Petzow and G. Effenberg. New York: VCH, 1988. 3 volumes. 

Ternary Alloys provides critically evaluated information on all the known phase diagrams of three-component systems.  Entries including liquidus projections, isothermal and vertical sections, reaction schemes, invariant equilibria and crystallographic data accompanied by short, descriptive texts. Each system report includes a complete bibliography.

List of Publications or Contents

Major Conference Proceedings

Call Number

Title

548.06 
AM 
(ENX)

Transactions. American Crystallographic Association. Volumes 1-19, 1965-93. 

Most recent meeting at http://www.hwi.buffalo.edu/ACA/

548 Ap58 
CHX

Applied crystallography: proceedings XVII (1997), XVI (1994), XV (1992)

548 
In82a 
(CHX)

Aperiodic Conferences - International Commission on Aperiodic Crystals. 

Past and forthcoming conferences at http://www.iucr.ac.uk/iucr-top/comm/capd/

548.5 
R738E 
(ENX)

Reports of the Conference on Growth of Crystals. English translation from the Russian. Volumes 1-11, 1958-79.

548.028 
ACA

Crystallographic Computing: Techniques and new technology; Paper presented at the International School on Crystallographic Computing. (Title varies.) International Crystallographic Union. Chester, UK: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988. 

UIUC Holdings: 1970, 1987 (CHX); 1980, 1985 (STX -- call number 548.0285IN8C); 1983 (GEX -- call number 548.02854IN8M)

List of Publications or Contents

Indexing and Abstracting Sources

Print version: 1969-82 (STX) -- Section 6: 1961-68 (STX)
Call number: 016.548B874 -- Section 6: 539.105FR


Print version: 1907-present (CHX)
Online: SciFinder Scholar (1947- present)

 
 Section 75--Crystallization and Crystal Structure:

--0. Reviews
--1. Crystallization
-----Methods and theory
-----Nucleation
-----Growth (including twinning)
-----Effect of impurities
--2. Order-disorder and dislocations
--3. Phase transformation of crystals
--4. Physical properties of crystals
--5. Crystal structure determination
-----Methods and theory - elements, metals
-----Inorganic compounds
-----Organic compounds
-----Mesomorphic (liquid crystalline) phases
-----Liquids
-----Gases

(Available electronically as METADEX)
Section Heading 12:  Crystal structure

America Vol. 1- 1920-


Print version: 1907-present (PHX, ENX)
Online INSPEC:1969-present
 

Section 6100--Structure of liquids and solids; crystallography:

--6100: Structure of liquids and solids; crystallography
--6110: X-ray determination of structures
--6112: Neutron determination of structures
--6114: Electron determination of structures
--6116: Other determination of structures
--6120: Classical, semiclassical, and quantum theories of liquid structure
--6125: Studies of specific liquid structures
--6130: Liquid crystals
--6140: Amorphous

Print version: 1950-90 (STX); 1990-93 (GEX)
Call number: 550.5ZEN

List of Publications or Contents

Journals

Call Number

Title

Location

Volume

Years

548.05 
AC

Acta Crystallographica

CHX 
GEX 
PHX

17-23 
1-23 
1-23

1964-67 
1948-67 
1948-67

548.05 
ACsec.A

Acta Crystallographica A

CHX 
GEX 
PHX

24- 
24-29 
24-51

1968- 
1968-73 
1968-95

548.05 
AC.sec.B

Acta Crystallographica B

CHX
GEX

24- 
24-29

1968- 
1968-73

548.05 
ACsec.C

Acta Crystallographica C (aka Crystal Structure Communications)

CHX

39-

1983-

548.05 
ACsec.D

Acta Crystallographica D (aka Biological Crystallography)

CHX

49-

1993-

548.9AD95

Advances in Liquid Crystals+

ENX

2-6

1976-83

549.05AM

American Mineralogist

GEX

1-

1916-

506CR1SerC

Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Series IIb: Mechanics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy

CHX

68-

1869-

548.8105CR

Crystal Lattice Defects

PHX

1-9

1969-82

548.8105CR1

Crystal Lattice Defects and Amorphous Materials (discontinued)

PHX

9-18

1982-89

620.112C884

Crystal Properties and Preparations (discontinued)

ENX

9-38

1986-91

548.05KRS1

Crystal Research and Technology

ENX

1-28

1966-93

548.05CR

Crystal Structure Communications (see Acta Crystallographica C)

CHX

39-

1983-

548.C8893

Crystals. Growth, Properties, and Applications

ENX

1-13

1978-91

Q.548.05KR21

Crystallography Reports

PHX

38-

1992-

548.05.CRY

Crystallography Reviews

PHX

1-3

1987-92

Free Online

CrystEngComm Royal Society of Chemistry http://www.rsc.org/is/journals/current/crystengcomm/cecpub.htm

 

 

 

539.105STI

Fizika Tverdogo Tela (see Physics of the Solid State)

STX

6-35

1964-93

546.05IN

Inorganic Chemistry*

CHX

1-

1962-

546.05AK

Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSR. Neorganicheskie Materialy

CHX

1-26

1965-90

669.05JOL1

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

ENX

176-

1991-

548.805JO

Journal of Applied Crystallography

GEX

1-

1968-

530.5JOUC

Journal of Chemical Physics

CHX 
PHX

1- 
1-

1933- 
1933-

541.2205JO1A

Journal of Chemical Crystallography

CHX

24-

1994-

548.505JO

Journal of Crystal Growth

PHX 
ENX

1-86 
1-133

1967-86 
1967-93

541.2205JO

Journal of Crystal and Molecular Structure

CHX

1-11

1971-81

541.2205JO1

Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research

CHX

12-23

1982-93

620.105JO

Journal of Materials Science

ENX

1-

1966-

669.9405JR

Journal of Phase Equilibria

ENX

12-

1991-

539.105PH

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

CHX 
PHX

24- 
1-52

1963- 
1956-91

541.05JOS

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

CHX

1-

1969-

540.6AM

Journal of the American Chemical Society

CHX

1-

1972-

540.5CHSOJD

Journal of the Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions*

CHX

1-

1972-

NOS

Journal of the Crystallographic Society of Japan

 

 

 

669.05JOL

Journal of the Less-Common Metals (discontinued - see Journal of Alloys & Compounds)

CHX

1-144

1959-88

548.05KRS1

Kristal und Teknik (see Crystal Research and Technology)

 

 

 

548.05KRZ

Krystallografiya (see Soviet Physics - Crystallography)

 

 

 

548.505MA

Materials Research Bulletin

STX 
ENX

1- 
1-28

1966-86 
1966-93

548.05MOA

Molecular Crystals

ENX

1-5

1966-68

548.05MOA

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals

ENX

6-237

1969-92

548.05MOA

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals - Letters

ENX

1-8

1985-92

NOS

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals - Supplement Series

 

 

 

530.5PR4

Physical Review B

PHX

1-

1970-

539.105PHYS

Physica Status Solidi A

PHX

1-

1970-

539.105PHY

Physica Status Solidi B

PHX

1-

1961-

669.05FI2

Physics of Metals and Metallography

ENX

1-

1956-

539.105FIZ

Physics of the Solid State (translation of Fizika Tverdogo Tela)

PHX

1-

1959-

548.505PR1

Progress in Crystal Growth and Charaterization and Materials

STX 
ENX

1-3 
1-27

1977-80 
1977-93

539.105SOLI

Solid State Communications

PHX

1-

1963-

531.705SO

Solid State Ionics

PHX

1-49

1980-91

539.1504UP

Solid State Physics: Advances in (Reference) Research and Application

PHX

1-

1955-

548.05KRZ

Soviet Physics - Crystallography (continued by Crystallography Reports)

PHX

1-37

1956-92

549.05ZE1

Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie

GEX

1-5

1913-37

All journals covered in Chemical Abstracts and INSPEC (Physics Abstracts) except where noted.
* Not covered by INSPEC
+ Not covered by Chemical Abstracts

List of Publications or Contents


4. Databases

There are seven major crystallographic databases continuously maintained and updated:

These databases are powerful and cost-effective tools for solving materials identification problems.  In addition to the major crystallographic databases, several recent databases and new applications are listed. Many of these are web-based and offer enhanced search and display capabilities using new data (as in the biological areas) or with the old data, CRYSTDAT, for example.  Additional information on the databases listed here, as well as an overview of the current state of crystallographic databases in general, can be found in the following references: Karen (1996), IUCr Crystallographic Databases (1987), and in Allen (1998).
 


Source: NIST
Size: 2000 crystal forms of more than 1500 biological macromolecules
Availability:  http://wwwbmcd.nist.gov:8080/bmcd/bmcd.html

The Biological Macromolecule Crystallization Database (BMCD) contains crystal data and the crystallization conditions compiled from the published literature. The current version of the BMCD includes crystallographic data from biological macromolecules for which diffraction quality crystals have been obtained. These include proteins, protein-protein complexes, nucleic acid, nucleic acid-nucleic acid complexes, protein-nulceic acid complexes, and viruses.  In addition to including crystallization data reported in the literature, the BMCD contains the NASA Protein Crystal Growth Archive, which includes the crystallization data generated from studies carried out in a microgravity environment supported by NASA. Data from other crystallization experiments carried out under microgravity sponsored by other international space agencies are also included.
 


Source: Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC)
Content: ~190,000 entries corresponding to ~137,000 compounds
Format: CD-ROM, Magnetic Tape
Availability: CCDC, Cambridge, UK. see: http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/prods/csd/csd.html
(Available in the UIUC School of Chemical Sciences)

The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) contains information on over 190,000 experimentally determined crystal structures of organic and organometallic compounds, including drugs, natural products and chemicals, compiled since 1935.  All of these crystal structures have been analyzed using x-ray or neutron diffraction techniques.  Each crystallographic entry in the CSD provides bibliographic information, chemical connectivity, and numeric data.  The CCDC has developed graphical search, retrieval and data visualization software for accessing the CSD.

Print predecessors:
Crystal Data Determinative Tables.
Molecular Structure and Dimensions
Structure Reports.
 
 


Source: U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and International Center for Diffraction Data
Content: ~200,000 entries representing ~60,000 unique phases
Format:  Magnetic Tape and CD-ROM  http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist3.htm
Availability: NIST (Standard Reference Data Program) or ICDD

The Crystal Data File contains chemical, physical, and crystallographic information useful to characterize more than 200,000 inorganic, organic, organometallic, metal, intermetallic and mineral compounds.  The data includes the standard cell parameters, cell volume, space group number and symbol, calculated density, chemical formula, chemical name, and classification by chemical type.  The Crystal Data File accepts bibliographic, unit cell, and chemical information from the ICSD, CSD, and CRYSTMET databases.  Structural data must still be obtained from the originating database.
 
 


Source: Toth Information Systems, Inc., Ottawa. (Formerly available from: National Research Council, Canada,
Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service)
 Size: ~200,000 records
Format: CDROM
Availability: (unknown)

This database is an enhanced version of the NIST Crystal Data File.  Toth has developed a superior search interface and added structural data (where available) to the existing CDF records.  Dynamic links to other crystallographic files are also provided. CRYSTDAT comes with a variety of crystallographic tools to manipulate the data.
 


Source: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Content: 71 structures in 35 of the 230 space groups.
Format:  Internet accessible
Availability: Free (http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/)

This web-based data file offers a concise index of common crystal lattice structures. A graphical representation as well as useful information about the lattices can be obtained by clicking on the available structure diagrams.


Source: Toth Information Systems, Inc., Ottawa. (Originally produced by the National Research Council, Canada,
Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service)
Size: ~60,000
Availability: CISTI CAN/SND (fee) http://www.tothcanada.com/

A database of critically evaluated crystallographic data for metals (including alloys, intermetallics, and minerals), accompanied by pertinent physical, chemical, and bibliographic information. Covers the literature from 1913-present.  About half of the current entries include atomic coordinates. These original datasets are arranged into two tables, one of which contains a single record for each entry and the other contains the atomic coordinate data. In the latter case there can be multiple records per entry, one for each atomic position.  Originally developed by the National Research Council of Canada, the CRYSTMET database is now supported, and under continued development, by Toth Information Systems, Inc.  Toth initially intends to distribute two databases, one containing structures and the other powder diffraction patterns, in the form of a CD-ROM, with search software.  Future plans include Web searchable versions.

Print predecessors:
Crystal Data Determinative Tables.
A Handbook of Lattice Spacings and Structures of Metals and Alloys
Pearson's Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases
 


Source:  NIST, Sandia National Laboratory, and the ICDD
Size: 87,200 records of crystalline materials
Format: CD-ROM
Availability:  NIST (Standard Reference Data Program) or ICDD

Produced in cooperation with the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and Sandia National Laboratory, this database contains crystallographic and chemical information on over 87,200 crystalline materials, a large fraction of which are unique phases, for application to electron diffracton. Each entry contains space group data, unit cell data, chemical formula and name, and literature references.  Designed for phase characterization obtained by electron diffraction methods, this database and associated software permit highly selective identification procedures for microscopic and macroscopic crystalline materials.  The database contains crystallographic information on a wide variety of materials including minerals, metals, intermetallics, and general inorganic compounds.
 


Source: Gmelin-Institute for Inorganic Studies, Fachsinformationzentrum, (FIZ) Karlsruhe, Germany.
Size: ~40,000 descriptions of inorganic structures (excluding oxides and halides)
Availability: CISTI CAN/SND (fee); STN (fee); Locally in the UIUC School of Chemical Sciences.

ICSD is a comprehensive compilation of crystal structure data of inorganic compounds. All information has been obtained from the original sources and checked to assure high quality. The literature is covered back to 1915.  The database is now updated by direct scanning of major journals.  The database is produced by FIZ Karlsruhe and the Max Planck Institute, Germany. Currently the database contains over 47,000 entries and is updated semi annually with approximately 2,500 new entries each year.

See an ICSD sample record here: http://crystal.fiz-karlsruhe.de/portal/cryst/icsd_ex.html
ICSD User's Group homepage at http://www.icsd-usergroup.net/

Print predecessors:


Source: Rutgers University
Content: ~400 structures
Format: Internet accessible
Availability: http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/

The Nucleic Acid Database Project (NDB) contains 3-dimensional structural information on RNA and DNA oligonucleotides that have been obtained from x-ray crystallographic experiments.  The NDB allows retrieval of coordinates, provides information about the conditions used to derive the coordinates, and the structural information that could be derived from the coordinates.
 
 


Source: Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards and the International Centre for Diffraction Data (JCPDS/ICDD)
Size: PDF-1 ;PDF-2 ~76,000 single-phase datasets
Availability: Magnetic tape and CD ROM from ICDD; Locally in the UIUC Materials Research Laboratory.

The Powder Diffraction File (PDF) is the most comprehensive database for single phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns. It is updated yearly with approximately 2,500 new compounds.  The primary use of the PDF is to identify “fingerprints” of unknown materials by matching the spacings of the unknown material’s diffraction patterns with the spacings of known substances.   The PDF is available in two versions:
 

PDF-1 Databases - (Available in computer-readable format only) is a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns in the form of tables of interplanar spacings, relative intensities, chemical name and formula, mineral name (if available), and PDF number. This form of the database is primarily used in conjunction with "Search/Match" software for the identification of unknown materials, as distributed by instrument manufacturers and software suppliers.

The PDF-2 Database is a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns in the form of tables of interplanar spacings, relative intensities and chemical name and formula as well as mineral name, if applicable. In addition, Miller indices, cell data and physical properties are listed, together with references for source information, where such data are available


        Print Edition: Powder Diffraction File
 


Source: Brookhaven National Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy)
Content: ~4,000 entries with over 8713 Coordinate Entries / 8085 proteins / 616 nucleic acids / 12 carbohydrates (as of Nov. 1998)
Format: CD-ROM; Internet FTP, WWW
Availability: Brookhaven National Laboratory (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/)

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is an electronic archive of experimentally determined 3-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological macromolecules.  The database contains atomic coordinates, bibliographic citations, primary and secondary structure information, as well as crystallographic structure factors and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental data. The PDB primarily contains data from diffraction and NMR studies of proteins, nucleic-acids, and viruses and is the single global archive of such data, and thus of enormous value to many scientific and industrial communities.

Print predecessor:
Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure
 


Source: Alexey G. Murzin, Bartlett G. Ailey, Steven E. Brenner, Tim J.P. Hubbard, and Cyrus Chothia.  MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Centre for Protein Engineering Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, England.
Size: 6497 PDB Entries (20 Oct 97). 13073 Domains. 101 Literature References
Format: Internet accessible
Availablity:  http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/

Nearly all proteins have structural similarities with other proteins and, in some of these cases, share a common evolutionary origin. The scop database, created by manual inspection and abetted by a battery of automated methods, aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive description of the structural and evolutionary relationships between all proteins whose structure is known. As such, it provides a broad survey of all known protein folds, detailed information about the close relatives of any particular protein, and a framework for future research and classification.


Source: U.S. National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)
Size: 1000 experimentally determined atomic scale structural analyses
Format:  CDROM
Availability:  NIST - Standard Reference Data Program  (http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist42.htm)

The SSD is a complete critical compilation of reliable crystallographic information on surfaces and interfaces. Provides text and graphical displays. The NIST Surface Structure Database provides 3-dimensional graphics to allow researchers to visualize the structures of crystal surfaces on the atomic scale. The (SSD) is the only complete critical compilation of reliable crystallographic information now available on surfaces and interfaces. SSD brings instant access to detailed text and graphical displays of nearly 1000 experimentally-determined atomic-scale structural analyses.
 


Source: ESM Software
Content: 17,000 pure compound phases
Format:  Proprietary software
Availability: ESM Software at http://www.esm-software.com/tapp/

TAPP lists properties of over 13,000 solids including: crystal structure, phase transformations, density, thermal expansion, elastic moduli, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, diffusivity, dielectric constant, magnetic properties, cryogenic properties, and optical properties.  TAPP also lists properties of more than 15,000 fluid phases, including density, dielectric constant, surface energy, as well as properties of over 10,000 compound phases and solutions:  TAPP enables the user to retrieve materials property data and recalculate properties as if it were a spreadsheet program. Entering maximum and minimum values for one or more properties can generate a list of compounds that meet these requirements.

Contents


5. Internet Resources

Crystallography Web Sites: